DA to a degree was also carried out by the National Police/PRU teams that were led by SF personnel during the Phoenix program. It means preserving the force which includes personnel and physical assets of the United States as well as the host nation and any military or civilian allies. This, so as to provide that these states and societies might better benefit from and better provide for the global economy and, thereby, become more of an asset to and less of a drag upon/threat to same. The problem is that we are attempting to put tacit knowledge- that which is hard or impossible to explain- into the same form (doctrine) as explicit knowledge- that which can be categorized, detailed, and made into a list. During that time the Beards would have recognized the way the conflict ecosystem changes when a man stepped on a mine, an IED flipped a vehicle and a helicopter was shot down. AND by the way such in house on post training does not cost an arm and a leg to conduct. We must continue to plan, synchronize, and deliver sustainment warfighting function capabilities. By this I don't mean training in TTPs or organizational and topical minutia. Attempting social change of populations through military engagement throughout all of the activities leading up to and including war and its aftermath (human domain stuff) is arguably self-defeated by a bureaucracy. The Sustainment WFF is composed of all systems, elements and capabilities relating to the provision, movement, sustenance and well-being of personnel, materiel and installations. Take the LeT fighters in Bombay. Mission command should cascade down the ranks through the NCOs to the formations at large. Despite vicious religious practices, the Aztec demonstrated ingenuity by inventing an innovative farming technique to grow crops among the 30 canals of Tenochtitlan. Participatory Observation is the (social anthropological) way, not governance, development, and security, and critical realism is the philosophy, not technical rationality and relying on operational methodologies. The endurance of Army forces is primarily a function of their sustainment. As LTG Sacolick and BG Grisgsby wrote in the June 2012 issue of Army Magazine: The concept of the human domain is the cognitive foundation of the 7th warfighting functions lethal and nonlethal capabilities to assess, shape, deter and influence foreign security environments.[ix]. This is juxtaposed with an operation like Desert Storm in which the objectives were clear and limited in both scope and time, even if they were limited somewhat artificially and ignoring the obvious connection to Operation Iraqi Freedom. Fire's 4. reading SE8710REQB Nurturing a Warfighting Mindset to familiarize yourself with maneuver warfare philosophy and OODA Loop. Instead we should inculcate in all our personnel (focusing on improving battalion and higher HQs) some of the same things they use naturally at the team level: a healthy disdain for micromanagement, a skepticism about higher HQs understanding of things, a resistance to the conventional wisdom and any institutionally-preferred way of thinking, and an innovative passion that helps team members strive to come up with creative ways of approaching situations. The IA WFF also includes tasks undertaken within other WFF that directly influence a target group as well as specific influence actions such as Public Affairs, PSYOPS, and deception. Great points, as always Bill. For their purposes what happens inside the wire or small town America matters not a jot. The autodefensas do appear to resemble the Sunni Awakening, and the Mexican gov't position does appear to recognize the inherent danger the groups pose to Federal and State authority in Mexico (much as Baghdad came to oppose the Sahwa). One way arguably leads towards relatively bigger budgets, more technology and platforms, and more intertwining of systems and processes with conventional forces. This practitioner further learns while doing, always able to revisit assumptions due to an intellectual humbleness with respect to the world. In the old days of SF UW when the mission was given to us during isolation the first thing a team did was to kick back and go into what one would call the "what if" mode---regardless of how crazy some of the comments or ideas where we went completely through until that was nothing left that could have surprised us ---then the true conversations started and all ideas reviewed and tossed until we were comfortable with the remaining one or two. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. [xxix] Then-Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Commanding General, General Martin E. Dempsey, according to one anonymous School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS) instructor, told the SAMS authors of the draft design publication that it was too long, had too many big words, and didnt have any of our current doctrinal concepts like Center of Gravity in it. Whether this is true or not, shortly thereafter Dr. Jack Kem wrote a short design booklet (Design: Tools of the Trade) that linked design to doctrine and as soon as LTG William B. Caldwell IV left Fort Leavenworth for Afghanistan and took Dr. Kem with him, the original draft authors quickly published The Art of Design, Student Text 2.0, which attempted to undo the changes that TRADOC reportedly had ordered. You and I are not using logical in the same way, your use of the word seems to be more rigid than mine, probably because I make things up and don't worry too much about formal definitions. What came after was different. The European Union (EU) When we went into Iraq we were there to dethrone a despot and remove his ability to build or use weapons of mass destruction. The seven warfighting functions are command and control, fires, force protection, information, intelligence, logistics, and maneuver. The Fires WFF includes the indirect fire capabilities organic to the force, such as mortars and artillery. D. The World Trade Organization (WTO). We saw a huge disconnect- at almost every level- from what one level was aiming for and the levels above and below it. Today is the hour for citizen self-management. The first historically recognized terrorists, the Jewish Zealots, targeted the temple priests and wealthy elites, the people who held the power. It will be a game changer if and when it happens, much like the Stinger was a game changer to some extent for the Soviets in Afghanistan. I think there needs to be some re-evaluation about these issues. I DO think all of this applies to CF as well, but change within the CF is a much bigger issue and one in which I'm not sure I understand all the factors. What is then the difference in the use of human terrain teams say from the term human domain recently used by the ACoS? The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Engagement with the civilian population is considered under this WFF, it is not a CIMIC function. The human domain, a conceptualization of the influence that populations have on military operations, is one way of viewing reality. In addition to having the most advanced medical and surgical techniques of the ancient Americas, the Inca constructed more than 12,00012,00012,000 miles of roadway and aqueducts to supply taxpaying and labor-contributing tribes throughout the empire. It is very difficult to do: one must sacrifice ease of communication and planning as well as take on some threat to ones career. The command and control WFF is the related tasks and a system that enable commanders to synchronize and converge all elements of combat power. Certainly an insight into the latter three can be gained from understanding the local culture. We want to act within the human domain without fundamentally offering anything really different in the way of a philosophical approach to our operations, instead largely unconsciously assuming the militarys technically rational approach and its related deterministic and physical domain tools will serve us just as well. Informational Brief Instructions (NOTE: This is a . For those that do not believe it is possible to have a drug driven insurgency vs the more common Islamist insurgencies we have been seeing for the last ten years-----Mexico is the proof of concept and it is spreading rapidly into the US. And as successful as SF efforts may be locally, they appear to make no headway toward achieving the larger goal of strategic influence of major centers of gravity. For the most part we have tactical-level teams who can do this now. Is human domain the same concept that we used when we sent human terrain teams into both Iraq and AFG on six digit salaries---what did they miss or fail to accomplish. Critical realism can be used to describe current or past situations. Indeed, one could make the argument that in todays uber-professional and regimented American military, the only levels in which critical and creative thinking routinely happen are at the tactical level.[xxvi]. That's my working theory and I see a lot of current books on this topic so maybe I'm not totally crazy. It had only a marginal military impact but that was not his intent. IO is not a discrete, stand alone capability but is the integrated, coordinated, and synchronized operational application of all information-related capabilities (IRCs) 5, both organic and non-1 Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication (MCDP) 1, Warfighting, 20 June . He relies on it very heavily when shaping his tactical and operational planning process. To many, Operational Design has come to represent what is fundamentally wrong with recent U.S. Army concepts. Your email address will not be published. These kinds of things defy logical analysis and are thus in a different category than, say, how fast it will take a tank to travel 50 miles going 30 miles an hour. The Joint Staff Directorates and Joint . On a personal note, I remember when I was in Iraq in 2003, 2004/05, all the internet cafes on the FOBs that allowed our troops lots of free time when they were back inside the wire to communicate with family, friends etc. Likewise, the concept that the Air Force and Navy dont have anything to do with humans borders on the fantastical. [xxxvii] Which makes things even more difficult for USSOCOM, as it is no secret that those who conduct and specialize in Special Warfare are less influential within SOF. WFF are the physical means that tactical commanders use to execute operations and accomplish missions assigned by a superior commander. [xxxii] And what were really talking about is internalized social change. [x] Of course, that does not leave too much left. IA also includes the sub-function Civil Military Cooperation (CIMIC). ~ Lightning Press. It prioritizes education and training over platforms and technology as well as persistent engagement over drone strikes, direct action raids, and Hollywood movies. The first is the more political aspects of military operations. AND if one does not believe that an insurgency does not learn from past events--just check the latest strategy statement from AQ issued Sept 2013. It is essential to retaining and exploiting the initiative. It accomplishes this by engaging with non-military elements, conducting support and development activities to and with them, and coordinating actions between them and the force. We can talk all we want about the SW/UW aspect of SF creating as functional a host nation irregular force as they can. Atahualpa revealed the location of the treasure to Pizarro, and Pizarro promptly executed the ruler and seized control of Cuzco, the Inca capital. This being, whether they know it yet or not, our young folks' generational project, which has just begun. But you take these very human stories, sincere impressions of friendship and fellowship, and combine them with certain kind of military historical document from that time, military planners and their ideas about SEATO and CENTO and how SA might fit in, and you start to create many pictures, you create an emotional mood of personnel in the region at the time. Thus we are left with two choices: either accept that the same conceptual tools and doctrinal concepts that we use for the physical domains can be applied with some minor tweaking to the human domain or approach with at least skepticism the idea that the physical and human domains can be understood using the same paradigms. Joint functions represent related capabilities and activities placed into basic groups to help commanders synchronize, integrate, and direct operations. The implications of this 180 degree strategic sea-change -- to be experienced across the board -- are rather dramatic and, as such, have proven rather difficult for us to grasp and to deal with morally, militarily, etc. If we would have "understood" the Iraqi insurgency we actually would have seen the strategy being used vs only the symptoms ie the battle field tactics. QUOTE: Then, you as an institution began to see that the deep veins were there, all the time, never acknowledged because they never had to be. I just wish there was as much emphasis put on critical and creative thinking. For example, on the one hand the methodology implores professionals to critically think, but it then defines the specific ways in which one must think about war, a wholly uncritical approach. What is the Movement and Maneuver warfighting function? It is akin to saying "go be an ally to X against Z, but make sure X isn't the only power/influence game in town when you leave". What are the 7 warfighting functions? Indeed, all indications point to SOCOM positioning itself as America's Rapid Reaction Force, a decidedly conventional role that will bring with it its own momentum to accommodate the scale that mission requires. [viii] It is linked closely to the concept of the human domain, thus General Odiernos alleged comment within the context of the function. The related tasks and systems that move and employ forces to achieve a position of relative advantage over the enemy and other threats. Logistics 6. E. Pre-Columbian cultures did not use plants for decoration. If war is the pursuit of one's political objective by other means, then soldiers and statesmen -- long before the enemy -- must know, acknowledge, plan and prepare specifically as relates to this political objective. It is a way to conceptualize all the systems and tasks units must accomplish to be successful. NATURE OF PLANNING o Planning as Command and Control o The Functions of Planning and Plans o Uncertainty and Time: Planning for an Unknowable Future The Spaniards were forced to retreat from the city, but they soon regrouped and besieged the Aztec capital. The warfighting functions are the physical means that tactical commanders use to execute operations and accomplish missions assigned by superior tactical- and operational-level commanders. Some call the latter complex operations, and indeed hereafter I will refer to those as complex. Our culture, however (largely influenced by the same hierarchy the early advocates found fault with), refused to entertain the notion that a technically rational approach is the wrong one for complexity. I add to the conversation only to throw out my thoughts on the advantages and disadvantages of the human domain concept. Scientific experimentation, metrics, and logic can normally be applied to understand most of the mechanics of that type of phenomenon. A warfighting function (WFF) is a group of tasks and systems united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. These kinds of things defy logical analysis.. The following passage describes the characteristics of the Maya, Inca, and Aztec cultures of Central and South America. advise/assist, sabotage) are no longer the realm of SOF. All the BP and Customs personnel on the border has done nothing to stem this development---just as in Iraq and AFG the border is just something to develop "rat runs" around/through. It is composed of those elements that seize, occupy, hold, and deny terrain, and the systems, capabilities and elements that facilitate those actions. We came to two conclusions: 1- that the bureaucracy of the national security apparatus had grown so complex that it had taken on a life of its own, and emergent forces were acting without any true conscious effort and influencing things in very unconscious ways. What are the command and control warfighting function tasks? This text would not dictate any one approach or set of tools for dealing with the human domain. To this was added a few things arguably unique to SOF campaign planning as well as a very explicit link to the Army Special Operations (ARSOF) 2022 vision. [xvii] One example of formulaic metaphor found within military doctrine is the formula for combat power. Would not dictate any one approach or set of tools for dealing with the human domain, metrics and. And Aztec cultures of Central and South America the use of human terrain teams from! Includes the indirect fire capabilities organic to the world way to conceptualize all the systems and tasks units accomplish... 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